Archimedes

(287 SM sampai 212 SM)

(Archimedes screw)

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Archimedes is famous for his theories about the relationship between surface and volume of a sphere to cylinder. He is also known as the theory and formula of the principle of Hydrostatic and equipment to raise the water - 'Archimedes Screw' or Archimedes screw, which is still widely used in developing countries. While the lever or ungkitan been discovered long before the birth of Archimedes, Archimedes who developed the theory to calculate the load required to lever it. Archimedes was also ranked as one of the ancient mathematician and is the best and greatest of his era.Archimedes' calculation of accurate about the ball arches made in the mathematical constant Pi or π.

Archimedes was born in the year 287 BC in a port city of Syracuse, Sicily (Italy now). In his youth, Archimedes is expected to get his education in Alexandria, Egypt.

The story of Archimedes that many people is a story told by the time of Archimedes to find ways and formulas to calculate the volume of objects that do not have a standard form. According to the story, a crown for King Hiero II was created and the king ordered Archimedes to check if the crown was really made of pure gold or silver containing added. Because of King Hiero II do not trust the manufacturers crown.Archimedes moment to soak in the tub, he noticed that the water in the tub spilled out equally to the body. Archimedes realized that this effect can be used to calculate the volume and content of the crown. By dividing the weight of the crown with a volume of water displaced, the density and weight of the crown could be obtained. Density of crown would be lower than the density of pure gold when the crown maker cheat and add a silver or metal with a lower density. Because too happy with this discovery, Archimedes jumped out of the tub, forget the dress first, and ran out into the street and screamed "EUREKA!" or 'I find it'.

The books written by Archimedes and contain mathematical formulas can still be found today, among others, On the Equilibrium of Planes, On the Measurement of a Circle, On spirals, On the Sphere and the Cylinder and so forth. Mathematical theories made by Archimedes does not mean much to the development of science when Archimedes died. But after his works translated into Arabic in the 8th and 9th centuries (approximately 1000 years after Archimedes died), some mathematicians and Islamic thinkers to develop mathematical theories. But the most influential on the development and extension of mathematical theory is on the 16th and 17th centuries, where in the century, the printing press has been found. Many mathematicians are making a book by Archimedes as their grip, and some mathematicians were Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).